The Lakota Leader Who Forced The U.S. Army To Abandon Its Forts — And Won A War Most Americans Never Learned About
The speech is not a primary text that survives in authenticated form, but the accounts of its reception indicate that he made a significant impression on an audience that had expected, at most, a curiosity — a famous warrior making polite statements.
He was not polite.
He was political.
He argued that the treaty was not being honored, that the government had promised specific things and was not delivering them, and that his people had agreed to terms on the basis of commitments that were being violated.
This was not the behavior of a defeated chief performing submission.
It was the behavior of a treaty partner demanding compliance with the treaty’s terms.
The visits produced some results.