The Lakota Leader Who Forced The U.S. Army To Abandon Its Forts — And Won A War Most Americans Never Learned About
Red Cloud’s War stands as one of the most remarkable episodes in the history of the relationship between the United States and the Indigenous nations of North America.
A coalition of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho peoples, led by Red Cloud and other skilled leaders, sustained a two-year campaign of resistance that made the Bozeman Trail effectively unusable and the three Army forts along it essentially pointless.
The strategic objective of the resistance — keeping the trail closed and the Powder River Country free from American military occupation — was achieved when the Army withdrew and the 1868 treaty formally recognized Lakota rights to the unceded territory.
This was not a simple military victory in the conventional sense.
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