Red Cloud’s Long Political Life

Red Cloud lived until 1909.

He was approximately eighty-seven years old when he died, which means he survived long enough to see the full arc of what his victory and the subsequent treaty had produced — and what had been taken from it.

After signing the 1868 treaty, Red Cloud had made a strategic decision: he would work within the political system that now governed his people’s lives.

He would negotiate, advocate, petition, and use the prestige he had earned in the war to make the case for Lakota rights through whatever channels were available.