This matters because it explains why the same calculation would not produce the same result when the stakes changed.

When gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1874, the calculation changed — the economic value of the land was now far greater than the cost of taking it by force — and the treaty was abandoned.

The victory of Red Cloud’s War was real.

Its foundation was pragmatic rather than principled.

That foundation held for six years, and then it didn’t.

Legacy and Meaning