The disposable adhesive pad approach that had been introduced in 1957 was by the time of the eventual manufacture of Kenner’s design a well-established competitor.

The full commercial potential of her invention was therefore never realized, not because the invention was flawed but because the discrimination that had prevented it from reaching the market in a timely way had allowed competitor approaches to become established in the meantime.

The eighteen-year delay was not merely an injustice in itself; it was an injustice with compounding commercial consequences.

This is the economic cost of discrimination.