The Minnesota Woman Who Froze Solid Overnight — And The Medical Miracle That Saved Her Life
Frostbite — the actual freezing of tissue — is distinct from the severe cold injury called frostnip (superficial cooling without tissue freezing) and from hypothermia (core temperature reduction).
Frostbite involves the actual formation of ice crystals within and between cells, which causes direct physical damage to cell membranes and cellular structures.
The process begins when the skin temperature drops below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius).
At first, ice crystals form in the fluid between cells rather than inside the cells themselves.
This extracellular freezing draws water out of the cells by osmosis, concentrating the solutes inside the cells.
The cells themselves may survive this early stage if rewarming occurs promptly.