The events were choreographed to maximize the emotional impact of their presence.

They were frequently asked to reenact the flag raising for promotional photographs — standing on elevated platforms with a replica flagpole, in poses meant to echo Rosenthal’s image.

These photographs, of which there are many, show Hayes and his companions posing with practiced expressions of heroic determination for cameras that surrounded them on all sides.

What those photographs cannot show is the interior experience of performing heroism for an audience when what you know about the actual event is so different from the performance being staged.

Hayes drank at the events.