The Spanish used Native people as laborers, guides, porters, and hostages.

The expedition could take people from one community and force them to travel with the army.

That meant contact could become personal captivity.

A person did not have to be killed for the encounter to be devastating.

They could be separated from their family.

They could be forced to carry supplies.

They could be compelled to guide soldiers through their homeland.

They could be threatened with violence if they refused.