It means colonial archives preserve only part of the story.

Oral traditions, archaeology, language, place names, material culture, and descendant communities can preserve other parts.

Archaeology becomes particularly important because it does not depend entirely on what Europeans decided to write down.

A Native household did not need to appear in a Spanish chronicle to have existed.

A Native village did not need a European name to have been politically important.

A family did not need to be mentioned by a conquistador to have mattered.