The army attacked Looking Glass’s peaceful camp without evidence of actual threat.

The army pursued without pause across multiple states over four months.

Every decision point along the way involved actors with choices.

The young men who raided the Salmon River chose violence.

Howard chose an immediate military response.

Perry chose to advance into White Bird Canyon.

The Bannock-contracted riders followed instructions.

None of this absolves the nimíipuu leaders of the decisions they made.