The Nez Perce Chief Who Refused To Surrender 40 Miles From Canada — Then Slipped Past The Army And Escaped
The Specific Character Of White Bird’s Leadership
White Bird’s role within the 1877 flight was not identical to Joseph’s, and understanding the difference is important for understanding why they reached different conclusions at Bear Paw.
Joseph’s primary role, as scholars and NPS accounts consistently describe it, was that of a civil and political leader rather than a military one.
He was responsible for the welfare of his band — particularly the most vulnerable members — and for the diplomatic aspects of the crisis.
His skill lay in maintaining the coherence of the group, in negotiating where negotiation was possible, and in representing the nimíipuu cause to the outside world.
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