The people who escaped to Canada did not find sanctuary.

They found a precarious exile among the Lakota, declining game herds, the slow dissolution of the community the flight had assembled, the gradual drift back south across the Medicine Line with all the dangers that implied.

White Bird died in Canada, around 1882, far from the Salmon River canyon.

Joseph died on the Colville Reservation in 1904, far from the Wallowa Valley.

Both of them had spent their lives trying to keep their people in their homeland.