He died on the Colville Reservation in 1904.

The doctor who attended him reportedly said he had died of a broken heart, though such a diagnosis is medical metaphor rather than clinical finding.

The army’s promises at Bear Paw, in short, were honored in form but not in spirit, and not in the specific way that the assurance of return to Idaho had been understood.

White Bird, who had not trusted those promises, had made a calculation that the subsequent history vindicated.

Why These Two Decisions Must Be Understood Together