They continued to live where they had always lived.

These were the non-treaty bands.

And among their leaders were the men whose decisions in 1877 would set off the flight.

The Non-Treaty Leaders

White Bird was the name given by Americans to the leader of the Lamtama band of the nimíipuu, who inhabited the Salmon River country of central Idaho.

His nimíipuu name was Peopeo Hihhih — White Goose, in some translations, or simply White Bird.

He was elderly by 1877 — estimates place his age at somewhere between sixty and seventy, though precise records of his birth date do not exist.