The Lumbee looked amused by the symbols meant to terrorize them.

National media attention also introduced many Americans to the Lumbee for the first time.

Lumbee historian Adolph Dial later observed that before the Klan incident, many people outside the region did not even know who the Lumbee were.

That is one of the night’s largest ironies.

Cole came to reduce the tribe’s dignity.

He increased its national visibility.

The Klan intended to stage propaganda.

The press turned the Lumbee response into the stronger propaganda image.

The Legal Meaning Of Inciting A Riot

After the field confrontation, prosecutors did not focus only on the shots fired during the clash.