Then they teach.

Then governments mark the location.

Hayes Pond moved through all four stages.

That process matters because Native community history has often been excluded from state narratives unless it intersected with federal wars, removal, or treaties.

Hayes Pond forced a twentieth-century Native story into North Carolina’s public memory.

The event said, in effect, that Native history did not end in the nineteenth century.

Lumbee people were active political actors in 1958.

They are active political actors now.

The Battle As A Story Of Modern Native America

One of the most important reasons to tell Hayes Pond is that it disrupts the visual stereotypes surrounding Native American history.