The Phoenicians, the Canaanite maritime traders of the Levantine coast who had survived the Bronze Age Collapse in reduced form, developed this system and spread it across the Mediterranean through their commercial networks.

The Phoenician alphabet was the direct ancestor of the Hebrew alphabet, the Aramaic alphabet, and through Greek adaptation, of essentially all European alphabetic writing.

The Greek adoption of the Phoenician alphabet — with the crucial addition of vowel signs, which Phoenician lacked — took place around 800 BCE and became the basis for Latin, Cyrillic, and all the writing systems derived from them.

Where do the Sea Peoples fit into this story?