From this perspective, the Sea Peoples are simply a threat to be neutralized.

But the ox-carts in those reliefs — with women and children, with the whole apparatus of people on the move — complicate this simple picture.

The people in the carts are not raiders.

They are migrants.

They are looking for somewhere to live, not somewhere to plunder and leave.

Modern scholarship has increasingly recognized this complexity.

The older narrative of Sea Peoples as destroyers has given way to a more nuanced picture in which many of the Sea Peoples were themselves displaced by the same forces that were disrupting the civilizations they are sometimes accused of destroying.

They were part of the catastrophe, not simply its authors.