Their specific history during the Iron Age is poorly documented, however.

The Hebrew Bible preserves the most extensive Iron Age record of any of the Sea Peoples groups — the Philistines — and the nature of that record is important for understanding how memory works in historical documentation.

The Bible was written centuries after the events it describes, by scribes working in a specific theological and political context.

Its account of the Philistines reflects the perspective of the Iron Age Israelite kingdoms, for whom the Philistines were a significant military and cultural competitor.

The Bible’s portrayal of the Philistines is therefore not a neutral historical account.