The same citizenship question that had blocked his legal career and nearly blocked his military commission remained, for most Native Americans, unresolved for decades after the war.

Native Americans did not achieve universal citizenship until 1924, when the Indian Citizenship Act was passed, nearly sixty years after Parker had stood in the McLean house and written the surrender terms.

Parker remained in the regular Army after the war, serving in various administrative capacities as the massive Union force demobilized.

Grant, meanwhile, moved rapidly from commanding general to political figure.

By 1868, he was the Republican nominee for president, running on the strength of his war record and his identification with the victorious Union cause.