The Northwest Territory was systematically transferred from Native occupancy to American settlement through a series of treaties in the 1810s, 1820s, and 1830s.

The Potawatomi — one of the major nations of Tecumseh’s confederacy — were removed from their Indiana and Michigan homelands to Kansas in the forced march known as the Trail of Death in 1838.

The name is accurate: significant numbers of Potawatomi died in the march.

The Miami, who had been among the signatories of some of the treaties Tecumseh opposed, were removed from Indiana to Kansas in 1846.

The Delaware, the Kickapoo, the Wyandot, the Shawnee themselves — all experienced versions of the same process: treaty, cession, removal, relocation.