The Southern Cheyenne Dog Soldiers — the warrior society that had been particularly active in resistance during the 1860s and 1870s — were largely broken as a military force by the Red River War and its aftermath.

The Dog Soldiers who survived the Red River War period were incorporated into the reservation system, and the warrior society tradition transformed in the reservation context.

The Cheyenne and Arapaho maintain cultural programs, including the continuation of traditional ceremonies and the preservation of the Cheyenne language.

The Sun Dance, which was suppressed by government order in the 1890s, was eventually revived in the twentieth century as part of the broader cultural revitalization that followed the Indian New Deal of the 1930s and the increased Indigenous rights of the later twentieth century.

The Weight Of What Was Carried