The battle at Adobe Walls was a military defeat for the attacking force.

But it was also the beginning of something larger.

In the weeks that followed, raids on settlements, wagon trains, and frontier ranches intensified across the Texas Panhandle and the surrounding territory.

The off-reservation populations had made their choice, or at minimum had been pushed past the point of any near-term return, and the United States government responded with a large-scale military campaign.

The Red River War: Five Columns