This attack, and the subsequent pursuit, contributed to the intelligence about where the main encampment was located.

There is a detail in the Texas State Historical Association account that is worth noting: the attack on the dawn camp on September 28 was “designed to be a surprise,” but the Comanche leader Red Warbonnet had reportedly discovered the soldiers and warned the camp before the descent began.

This warning — if accurate — explains something about how the families were able to escape as effectively as they did: they had some advance notice, even if the advance was measured in minutes rather than hours.

Early on the morning of September 28, Mackenzie’s scouts located a path to the canyon floor.