This was rearguard action — the warriors were not trying to defeat Mackenzie’s force, which significantly outnumbered them in effective fighting strength and was supported by artillery.

They were buying time for the women, children, and elderly to get out of the canyon.

By all available accounts, the buying of time worked.

The families escaped.

The recorded human cost of the battle was: four Native dead, zero cavalry casualties.

The Central Puzzle

Four dead.

This number appears on the Texas Historical Commission marker.