After the end of the Red River War, he became one of the most effective advocates for his people’s interests within the constraints of the reservation system, negotiating with ranchers, lawyers, and government officials, acquiring wealth through the leasing of reservation grazing rights, and building a life at Fort Sill that combined Comanche traditions with practical accommodation to the new reality.

He is not the central figure of the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon — his camp was not among those destroyed there, and his eventual surrender came months later at Fort Sill.

But his trajectory illustrates both the trajectory of Comanche resistance in the 1870s and what happened to that resistance after the material conditions of independent life on the Plains were destroyed.

The Red River War did not defeat the Comanche militarily.