It is precise and reliable for samples that meet certain conditions.

The conditions matter.

The fundamental requirement is that the sample’s carbon-14 content must reflect the time of death and nothing else.

If additional old carbon has been incorporated into the sample after death — through contamination from ancient carbonate minerals in groundwater, for example — the sample will appear older than it is.

If recent carbon has been incorporated — from contamination by modern organic material — the sample will appear younger.

Careful pretreatment removes most potential contaminants, but the thoroughness of that removal depends on the specific protocols used.