Scientists Intensify Surveillance of Three U.S. Volcanoes as Eruption Threats Mount
Volcanologists are stepping up monitoring efforts for three volcanoes in the U.S.—Great Sitkin and Mount Spurr in Alaska, along with Hawaii’s Kilauea—due to rising seismic activity and clear indications that eruptions may be approaching.
Great Sitkin has been raised to “Watch” status, the third highest on the four-level volcanic alert system, after a series of minor quakes and lava discharges from its summit.
Monitoring has become more focused as unusual underground movement continues beneath Alaska’s Great Sitkin and Mount Spurr, and Hawaii’s ever-active Kilauea. Great Sitkin’s recent upgrade to a “Watch” alert level comes after tremors and lava flows were detected within its summit area.
This development has led scientists to project a 50% chance of eruption. Meanwhile, Kilauea erupted again on February 11—its ninth event since December 2024—launching lava nearly 300 feet high inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. No homes have been impacted, but experts are watching for ash fallout and sharp volcanic glass particles, which can pose serious health risks.
Surge in Earthquakes Raises Red Flags
An increase in seismic disturbances around the volcanoes is drawing concern. Clusters of small quakes are becoming more frequent and intense, suggesting that magma is pushing closer to the surface.
This pattern often precedes eruptions. Using specialized tools, geologists are examining shifts in land elevation and changes in volcanic gas output to detect signs of pressure buildup. Because eruptions can begin suddenly, people living nearby are being advised to remain cautious and prepared.
Rising Magma Increases Potential Danger to Communities
As magma ascends, the risk of eruptions and related hazards grows. This underground activity can lead to more powerful quakes, the release of toxic gases, and visible land deformation—all of which can damage buildings, roads, and public infrastructure. Emergency officials warn that evacuation plans might need to be activated and urge residents to keep emergency kits ready and monitor government updates closely.
Dormant Giants Show Renewed Activity
Once deemed relatively stable, Great Sitkin, Mount Spurr, and Kilauea are now showing unmistakable warning signs. Increased earthquakes, shifting magma, and changes in volcanic emissions suggest mounting pressure beneath these volcanoes. Scientists are employing both satellite technology and on-the-ground instruments to track these developments in real-time. With threat levels rising, preparedness has become a top priority for surrounding communities.
Using History to Predict Future Eruptions
To improve eruption forecasts, researchers are studying past volcanic events. Incidents like the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption and Kilauea’s frequent activity provide valuable insights into eruption behavior. The warning signs currently being recorded at these volcanoes closely resemble those that preceded earlier eruptions. These parallels are helping experts enhance prediction models and emergency planning. Past experiences are proving crucial for responding effectively to current threats.
How Scientists Monitor Eruption Potential
Volcanologists rely on high-tech equipment to assess eruption risks. Earthquake swarms typically indicate that magma is moving. Instruments can also pick up surface swelling, gas surges, and rising temperatures—all of which point to underground changes. Satellite imaging often reveals heat signatures and deformation. This data helps scientists issue timely alerts and support emergency services in managing threats. With multiple signals now increasing, teams are maintaining close observation.
Regions at Risk: Who Should Be Prepared?
At-risk areas have been clearly outlined near each volcano. Great Sitkin poses a potential hazard to parts of the Aleutian Islands, where ash clouds could disrupt aviation and harm island residents.
Mount Spurr’s proximity to Anchorage raises concerns about air quality and visibility due to ash emissions. Kilauea remains active within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, with dangers from lava flows and volcanic gases. People living in these areas are strongly encouraged to have preparedness plans in place.
What’s on the Horizon?
With seismic activity still rising, the possibility of eruptions remains significant. If any of the volcanoes erupt, communities could face fast-moving lava, thick ash plumes, hazardous air quality, and disruptions to transportation and daily life. Emergency responders are preparing for all possible outcomes while scientists track changes around the clock. Although it’s impossible to predict the exact timing, staying alert and ready is key to reducing risks and staying safe.
Conclusion
As tremors grow stronger and warning signs become more pronounced, the eruption risk posed by Great Sitkin, Mount Spurr, and Kilauea is becoming increasingly concerning. Though no eruption has occurred yet, the signs point to potential activity. These once-quiet volcanoes are now being watched closely, with authorities stressing the need for readiness.
Residents in vulnerable zones are urged to stay informed, follow official guidance, and ensure they’re prepared. In the face of changing volcanic behavior, scientific observation and community vigilance are the best defenses we have.