Studies of this kind have provided important empirical data on how accurate different reconstruction methods tend to be in practice.

For ancient individuals, however, no such verification is possible.

There are no photographs.

There are no portraits from life.

The reconstructors and the researchers who compare their results have no way to know how close any of the three Zlatý kůň reconstructions comes to the actual face of the woman who died 45,000 years ago.

This is not a problem that can be solved with more sophisticated methods or more data.

It is a fundamental epistemic limitation on what can be known about an individual from the archaeological record.