The Ranis site in Germany yielded genomes from individuals associated with the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ) stone tool tradition, dating to roughly 45,000 years ago and showing ancestry related to other early European populations.

The Pestera cu Oase individuals from Romania, not fully genomically sequenced but partially characterized, appear to date to roughly 37,000-40,000 years ago.

Each of these specimens adds to a picture of the earliest modern human presence in Europe that is characterized by diversity, complexity, and multiple lineages — some ancestral to later Europeans and some not.

The simplest narrative — a single founding population that colonized Europe and gave rise to all subsequent European populations — is clearly wrong.

The reality appears to involve multiple waves of dispersal, each bringing somewhat different genetic signatures, with some leaving descendants and some not.