After the case, she, Standing Bear, and Tibbles participated in lecture tours and reform campaigns.

Smithsonian records describe her as an eloquent writer and speaker who later became nationally known.

Reducing her to “the interpreter” understates the broader network behind the Standing Bear campaign.

Her presence also helps correct another common mistake: the notion that Native civil-rights advocacy in the nineteenth century depended primarily on white reformers discovering injustice.

Native people themselves were articulating legal, political, and moral arguments.

Standing Bear brought the case through his act of resistance.