American mastodons — Mammut americanum — were a different kind of megafaunal prey.

Though often conflated with mammoths in popular discussion, mastodons were a distinct species that occupied different ecological niches.

Mastodons were browsers rather than grazers, preferring wooded environments where they fed on shrubs and low trees rather than the open grassland vegetation that mammoths favored.

They were somewhat smaller than mammoths and had differently shaped teeth adapted to their browse diet.

The Ice Age horses of North America — Equus caballus, or related species — were genuine wild horses, not related to any modern domestic breed but ancestral to the wild populations that would survive only in Eurasia until the domestication process transformed them.