They answer the question “did a human produce this specific specimen?” in a way that is independent of the DNA evidence, using chemical compounds that are produced by a fundamentally different biological process.

The lithic artifacts document the presence of technological behavior — the production and use of stone tools — and the specific technology used (Western Stemmed rather than Clovis) addresses the broader question of the technological relationships among early American populations.

The macrobotanical and faunal remains document the specific resources being exploited and the processing behaviors applied to those resources — information that is not available from the lithic or DNA evidence.

And the micromorphological and stratigraphic analysis provides the spatial and temporal framework within which all the other evidence must be interpreted — establishing that the different categories of evidence were deposited at the same time, in the same place, and can be read as parts of a single coherent record of human occupation.