It establishes a new baseline for the deep prehistory of human psychoactive plant use.

It provides a framework — both methodological and conceptual — for the research that will build on it.

And at its center, beneath all the analytical chemistry and the pharmacological experiments and the careful clinical language, is a very human story.

Someone found a plant.

They put it in their mouth.

It did something.

They kept doing it.

The habit wore into their teeth — literally, physically, measurably — and the chemical traces of the plant stayed in the dental tissue for 25,000 years, waiting for someone to look.