Ancient wine jars show tartaric acid residues.

Ancient oil lamps show specific plant-oil signatures.

Ancient burial offerings show the chemical signatures of specific plants.

Ancient teeth preserve the chemical signatures of what their owners were eating, drinking, and — as the Sulawesi study shows — holding in their mouths.

Dental calculus, dental tissue, and even enamel itself can be analyzed for compounds that were ingested or inhaled during life.

The scale of what archaeochemistry can reveal is still being established.