Not utilitarian.

Not a tool.

Something made for adornment, for beauty, for the kind of self-presentation that humans everywhere have engaged in for as long as they have been recognizably human.

People who lived here, in this brutal latitude, in the Ice Age, were making and wearing personal ornaments.

The site’s first major publication, in the journal Science in 2004 — co-authored by Pitulko and colleagues — announced the site’s existence to the broader scientific world and immediately established its significance.

The headline finding was simple and startling: human beings had been living above the Arctic Circle at roughly 71 degrees north latitude approximately 27,000 radiocarbon years before the present.