The contemporary tribal government of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma maintains this memory as part of its official cultural heritage.

The advocacy of tribal members for the establishment of the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site was driven by this living connection to the events of 1864 — a connection that was passed down through generations of oral tradition before it finally found expression in formal governmental recognition.

Black Kettle’s story, in this sense, belongs first to the community he led.

The historical scholarship that has documented and analyzed the events of his life is secondary to the living tradition of the people who carry his memory.