The Lakota Leader Who Forced The U.S. Army To Abandon Its Forts — And Won A War Most Americans Never Learned About
And yet the Lakota people persist.
The language persists.
The ceremonies persist.
The legal claims persist.
The memory of Red Cloud persists.
He forced the United States to abandon its forts.
He won his war.
What happened after tells us something important — not about Red Cloud’s failure, but about the specific ways in which the United States used the period of peace the treaty created to position itself for the next round of expansion.