The Lakota Leader Who Forced The U.S. Army To Abandon Its Forts — And Won A War Most Americans Never Learned About
He would not sign while American soldiers remained in the forts of the Powder River Country.
That was his position, and he held it.
This was not simply stubbornness.
It was a sophisticated reading of the negotiating situation.
The Americans were offering a treaty that would, they said, recognize Lakota rights to the Powder River Country and close the Bozeman Trail.
But Red Cloud had experience with American treaty promises.
He had been present at the 1866 council where negotiations had proceeded while soldiers marched into the Powder River Country.
He understood that American treaty commitments had a way of dissolving when they became inconvenient.