But it led, at least in this specific moment, to a policy that produced the abandonment of the forts.

General Sherman’s response to the recommendation was characteristic.

He argued that the peace policy was soft and likely to fail, and that the Army should continue to pursue military solutions.

But his opinion was not decisive, and the political forces in Washington — including significant Congressional pressure to reduce military expenditures — pushed toward the treaty.

The decision to abandon the forts was not a decision made with genuine respect for Lakota rights.

It was a pragmatic decision made on the basis of cost-benefit analysis: the forts were expensive, the trail wasn’t working, and a treaty was cheaper than continued war.