Filed and prosecuted without the benefit of a university laboratory or a corporate research department.

Maintained alongside the operational demands of a small retail business.

The total number of patents granted to African Americans as a proportion of all patents granted has been consistently lower than African Americans’ proportion of the total population, reflecting the barriers described throughout this article.

Within that already-constrained universe, holding five patents in a productive career is a significant achievement.

The even smaller universe of African American women patent holders makes Kenner’s specific record — the first to hold five — meaningful as a historical marker.