The Nez Perce Chief Who Refused To Surrender 40 Miles From Canada — Then Slipped Past The Army And Escaped
He was outside Howard’s jurisdiction, across the Medicine Line, among the Lakota.
Colonel Miles And What He Promised
Nelson Miles was a more tactically effective officer than Howard — younger, more aggressive, willing to push his command hard across difficult terrain.
His rapid march from Tongue River to Bear Paw demonstrated real military capability.
He was also capable of the kind of promise-making at Bear Paw that contributed to the moral complexity of the surrender.
Miles apparently believed that the assurances he gave Joseph — that the people would be returned to Idaho — were within his power to deliver.
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