The horses and men arrived at the canyon exhausted.

Perry had been told by his civilian guide, Arthur “Ad” Chapman, that the valley floor was smooth enough for cavalry operations.

The guide was wrong about more than the terrain.

White Bird Canyon — The War Begins

On the morning of June 17, 1877, as Perry’s column descended toward the nimíipuu camp at Lahmotta, in the canyon along White Bird Creek, a peace party came out to meet them.

Yellow Wolf later described what happened.