Five warriors, led by the man known as Wettiwetti Howlis, rode out from the western side of the valley as a peace party to meet the soldiers.

They had specific instructions from the chiefs: do not fire unless fired upon.

They carried a white flag.

The advance party of Perry’s column included regular soldiers and civilian volunteers.

When the peace party approached, one of the civilians — Arthur Chapman, the same guide who had brought Perry into the canyon — fired at the Nez Perce delegation.

The peace party scattered.

The battle began.